But encoding doesn’t get nearly the attention that decoding does, despite evidence that, from the earliest grades on, writing practice is a powerful aid and complement to reading instruction.

We developed a data-driven, statistical approach for investigating the encoding and decoding of information in LIP spike trains during a sensorimotor decision-making task.

This method reflects standard encoding and decoding, an abstract concept long utilized to transmit information. Computers were invoked merely as a tool.

Distortions in the cognitive maps of subjects were analyzed to determine significant differences in patterns of distance and direction errors. Patterns of absolute distortion are explained by theories ...